By Alex Gendler
Tsunamis are often called "tidal waves", but this is a misnomer. They are not caused by the pull of the moon, but rather by energy moving through the water, just like with regular waves. The reason they are bigger is that the source and strength of energy are different. Rather than being moved by wind, which can only produce so much power, tsunamis are caused by massive tremors underground, such as earthquakes and volcanos. When this force makes its way to the surface, it causes a massive spike in the water which then crashes down and sends energy in all directions. The waves seem normal in open oceans, but when they get to shallow water, the energy is compressed and this brings the tsunami up high over the water. Even with innovations like flood walls and channels, tsunamis can cause damage up to a mile inland and destroy everything in their path. The best thing to do in case of a tsunami is to get out of its way (i.e. high up or out of range).
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